Monday, June 22, 2009
Thursday, June 4, 2009
Thursday, May 14, 2009
Design Principles of a Poster
When designing a poster, there are some basic principles to use in order to present your information as clearly as possible.
Consistent Font
Use just one or two different fonts to keep the appearance uniform and easy to read. Font variety can be achieved by using the BOLD, ITALIC and UNDERLINE choices on the font toolbar. Sans serif fonts, such as Arial, are preferred for reading from a distance.
Consistent Colors
A color scheme of one or two colors helps to emphasize the information in the poster; the use of many colors may distract from the information you are presenting.
Consistent Alignment
*
Align the text boxes and illustrations in the poster by using guides in order to make the poster easy to navigate when seeing it for the first time. It is a good idea to recheck alignment after completing the poster, as well as running the spell check tool.
*
The poster should be arranged in columns instead of rows, so that several people can read it at the same time without zigzagging back and forth.
Self-Contained
A poster should be self-contained, self-explanatory and designed to allow several viewers to view it simultaneously.
Viewed from a distance
*
The narrative text should be minimized into short, separated paragraphs using a large typeface. The minimum size we recommend is 24pt; larger typefaces (28pt+) are easier to read from a distance.
*
Figures should be designed to be seen from a distance and should have clear visible graphics with large typeface.
Backgrounds
*
The best legibility is achieved by using black text on white backgrounds. Backgrounds made of dark images or texture patterns can cause the text to be obscured.
*
If you use different colors for text, avoid using yellow or other light colors as these are especially difficult to read.
*
Note about gradient fills: While gradient fills in text boxes and titles look smooth on-screen and in small prints, the result in a large poster often has visible ‘banding’, where the gradient’s color steps have distinct edges, which are visible. Banding is especially prevalent when using 2 color gradients.
Consistent Font
Use just one or two different fonts to keep the appearance uniform and easy to read. Font variety can be achieved by using the BOLD, ITALIC and UNDERLINE choices on the font toolbar. Sans serif fonts, such as Arial, are preferred for reading from a distance.
Consistent Colors
A color scheme of one or two colors helps to emphasize the information in the poster; the use of many colors may distract from the information you are presenting.
Consistent Alignment
*
Align the text boxes and illustrations in the poster by using guides in order to make the poster easy to navigate when seeing it for the first time. It is a good idea to recheck alignment after completing the poster, as well as running the spell check tool.
*
The poster should be arranged in columns instead of rows, so that several people can read it at the same time without zigzagging back and forth.
Self-Contained
A poster should be self-contained, self-explanatory and designed to allow several viewers to view it simultaneously.
Viewed from a distance
*
The narrative text should be minimized into short, separated paragraphs using a large typeface. The minimum size we recommend is 24pt; larger typefaces (28pt+) are easier to read from a distance.
*
Figures should be designed to be seen from a distance and should have clear visible graphics with large typeface.
Backgrounds
*
The best legibility is achieved by using black text on white backgrounds. Backgrounds made of dark images or texture patterns can cause the text to be obscured.
*
If you use different colors for text, avoid using yellow or other light colors as these are especially difficult to read.
*
Note about gradient fills: While gradient fills in text boxes and titles look smooth on-screen and in small prints, the result in a large poster often has visible ‘banding’, where the gradient’s color steps have distinct edges, which are visible. Banding is especially prevalent when using 2 color gradients.
Monday, May 4, 2009
92.4 The Wave
I help in the process of planning to an extent. I also was a voice in the radio show and chose some of the music that is played in the show.
Thursday, April 16, 2009
Ontario Radio Regulations
Commercial AM or FM Radio Broadcasting
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC)
Last Verified: 2008-03-25
Act: Broadcasting Act, 1991, c.11, s.1
Regulation: Radio Regulations, 1986, SOR/86-982, as amended; Broadcasting License Fee Regulations, 1997, SOR/97-144; CRTC Rules of Procedure, C.R.C. 1978
Related Reading
* Decisions, Notices and Orders (DNOs)
* Statutes & Regulations
To Whom Does This Apply?
Anyone who wants to start a radio-broadcasting company in Canada.
Summary
The Broadcasting Act gives the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) its powers in relation to broadcasting undertakings. Under this Act, the Commission regulates and supervises all aspects of the Canadian broadcasting system with a view to implementing the broadcasting policy set out in the Act.
The Radio Regulations set out the regulations respecting AM and FM radio broadcasting undertakings. The Broadcasting License Fee Regulations set out the license fees paid to the CRTC by Canadian broadcasters. The CRTC Rules of Procedure set out the rules on how the CRTC deals with broadcasting applications.
Application Process:
Application form 101 entitled "Application to Obtain a New Broadcasting License to Operate a Commercial Radio Undertaking (including low-power)" must be completed. Once provided to the Commission and the application is considered complete, the Commission may, where circumstances warrant, issue a call for any other applicants interested in obtaining a license in that market. Following this process, the applications are scheduled for a public hearing. A decision is normally rendered within a few months following the public hearing.
Waiting Period:
The entire process normally takes from 8 to 18 months depending on whether or not there is a competitive process.
License Fees:
License fees are payable on April 1 of each year. A fee is payable if your revenue is in excess of the exemption amount of $2 million for an AM or FM undertaking and if your revenue is over the exemption limit of $4 million for combined AM/FM undertakings operating in the same market area. If your revenue is under the exemption amount of $2 million or $4 million for a combined undertaking, there is no license fee payable. In all cases, the first $500 000 in revenue is exempted.
License Period:
The maximum licensing period permitted under the Act is seven years. Once a license has been granted, a licensee generally has up to two years to get the station up-and-running, unless the CRTC grants an extension.
Information Package on Commercial Radio AM and FM:
Regulations and Directives
*
Ineligibility to Hold Broadcasting Licenses (Direction to the CRTC);
*
Ineligibility of Non-Canadians (Direction to the CRTC); and
*
Radio Regulations, 1986 and Amendments.
Policies and others:
*
Revised policy concerning the issuance of calls for radio applications and a new process for applications to serve small markets (Broadcasting Public Notice CRTC 2006-159);
*
Commercial radio policy 2006 (Broadcasting Public Notice CRTC 2006-158);
*
Policy framework for community-based media (Public Notice CRTC 2002-61);
*
Commercial radio policy, 1998 (Public Notice CRTC 1998-41);
*
Broadcast code for advertising to children, revised (Public Notice CRTC 1993-99);
*
Equitable portrayal code (Broadcasting Public Notice CRTC 2008-23);
*
Documentary evidence to confirm availability of financing - Commission Policy
Employment Equity Policy - Implementation of / on-air presence (Public Notices CRTC 1992-59, 1994-69, 1995-98, 1997-34);
*
Ethnic broadcasting policy (Public Notice CRTC 1999-117);
*
Local programming policies (Public Notices CRTC 1993-38, 1993-121);
*
Revised content categories and sub-categories for radio (Public Notice CRTC 2000-14)
CBC long range radio plan (report).
For additional information, the Commission suggests consulting the following documents:
*
Exemption order respecting a class of low-power radio programming undertakings (Public Notice CRTC 2004-92);
*
Exemption orders respecting certain classes of low-power and very-low-power programming undertakings (Public Notice CRTC 2003-35);
*
Confidential treatment of information (Circular No. 429);
*
New licence form for commercial radio stations (Public Notice CRTC 1999-137);
*
Advertising of alcoholic beverages, broadcast (Public Notices CRTC 1997-12, 1999-132);
*
Broadcasting Act;
*
Broadcasting information regulations , 1993;
*
Gender portrayal, policy (Public Notice CRTC 1992-58);
*
Broadcasting licence fee regulations, 1997;
*
Low-power radio: limited duration special event facilitating undertakings - exemption order (Public Notice CRTC 1993-45);
*
Radio networks and syndication policy (Public Notice CRTC 1989-3);
*
Religious broadcasting policy (Public Notice CRTC 1993-78);
*
Rules of procedure - CRTC (Broadcasting);
*
Services using the vertical blanking interval (television) or subsidiary communications multiplex operation (FM) - policy (Public Notice CRTC 1989-23);
*
Use of hits by English- language radio (FM) stations - revised policy (Public Notice CRTC 1997-42, Circulars Nos. 422, 422-1); and
*
Final revisions to certain exemption orders (Public Notice CRTC 2000-10).
Technical Requirements:
Technical documentation must be filed with Industry Canada upon application to the Commission in order to obtain a technical certificate. This is required under the Broadcasting Act before the issuance of a license.
You must apply to Industry Canada for a frequency and broadcast certification. Available frequencies are scarce in some major urban areas. An information package to obtain a broadcast certificate regarding the technical aspect of your application is available by writing to the following address:
Industry Canada
Director, Broadcast Applications Engineering
300 Slater Street
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0C8
http://sitt.ic.gc.ca/app/sitt/portal/LoadMainPortalPage.do?lang=eng
For more information, call Industry Canada toll-free at 1-800-328-6189 or check their Web site for offices across the country.
DISCLAIMER
Information contained in this section is of a general nature only and is not intended to constitute advice for any specific fact situation. For particular questions, the users are invited to contact their lawyer. For additional information, see contact(s) listed below.
Ontario Contact(s):
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
Suite 624
55 St. Clair Avenue East
Toronto, Ontario M4T 1M2
Telephone: 416-952-9096
Fax: 819-994-0218
Toll-free (information): 1-877-249-2782
TTY Toll-free (hearing impaired): 1-877-909-2782
TTY (hearing impaired): 819-994-0423
E-mail: info@crtc.gc.ca
Web site: http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/welcome.htm
National Contact(s):
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
Les Terrasses de la Chaudière
Central Building
1 Promenade du Portage
Gatineau, Quebec J8X 4B1
Telephone: 819-997-0313
Fax: 819-994-0218
Toll-free (information): 1-877-249-2782
TTY Toll-free (hearing impaired): 1-877-909-2782
TTY (hearing impaired): 819-994-0423
E-mail: info@crtc.gc.ca
Web site: http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/welcome.htm
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC)
Last Verified: 2008-03-25
Act: Broadcasting Act, 1991, c.11, s.1
Regulation: Radio Regulations, 1986, SOR/86-982, as amended; Broadcasting License Fee Regulations, 1997, SOR/97-144; CRTC Rules of Procedure, C.R.C. 1978
Related Reading
* Decisions, Notices and Orders (DNOs)
* Statutes & Regulations
To Whom Does This Apply?
Anyone who wants to start a radio-broadcasting company in Canada.
Summary
The Broadcasting Act gives the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) its powers in relation to broadcasting undertakings. Under this Act, the Commission regulates and supervises all aspects of the Canadian broadcasting system with a view to implementing the broadcasting policy set out in the Act.
The Radio Regulations set out the regulations respecting AM and FM radio broadcasting undertakings. The Broadcasting License Fee Regulations set out the license fees paid to the CRTC by Canadian broadcasters. The CRTC Rules of Procedure set out the rules on how the CRTC deals with broadcasting applications.
Application Process:
Application form 101 entitled "Application to Obtain a New Broadcasting License to Operate a Commercial Radio Undertaking (including low-power)" must be completed. Once provided to the Commission and the application is considered complete, the Commission may, where circumstances warrant, issue a call for any other applicants interested in obtaining a license in that market. Following this process, the applications are scheduled for a public hearing. A decision is normally rendered within a few months following the public hearing.
Waiting Period:
The entire process normally takes from 8 to 18 months depending on whether or not there is a competitive process.
License Fees:
License fees are payable on April 1 of each year. A fee is payable if your revenue is in excess of the exemption amount of $2 million for an AM or FM undertaking and if your revenue is over the exemption limit of $4 million for combined AM/FM undertakings operating in the same market area. If your revenue is under the exemption amount of $2 million or $4 million for a combined undertaking, there is no license fee payable. In all cases, the first $500 000 in revenue is exempted.
License Period:
The maximum licensing period permitted under the Act is seven years. Once a license has been granted, a licensee generally has up to two years to get the station up-and-running, unless the CRTC grants an extension.
Information Package on Commercial Radio AM and FM:
Regulations and Directives
*
Ineligibility to Hold Broadcasting Licenses (Direction to the CRTC);
*
Ineligibility of Non-Canadians (Direction to the CRTC); and
*
Radio Regulations, 1986 and Amendments.
Policies and others:
*
Revised policy concerning the issuance of calls for radio applications and a new process for applications to serve small markets (Broadcasting Public Notice CRTC 2006-159);
*
Commercial radio policy 2006 (Broadcasting Public Notice CRTC 2006-158);
*
Policy framework for community-based media (Public Notice CRTC 2002-61);
*
Commercial radio policy, 1998 (Public Notice CRTC 1998-41);
*
Broadcast code for advertising to children, revised (Public Notice CRTC 1993-99);
*
Equitable portrayal code (Broadcasting Public Notice CRTC 2008-23);
*
Documentary evidence to confirm availability of financing - Commission Policy
Employment Equity Policy - Implementation of / on-air presence (Public Notices CRTC 1992-59, 1994-69, 1995-98, 1997-34);
*
Ethnic broadcasting policy (Public Notice CRTC 1999-117);
*
Local programming policies (Public Notices CRTC 1993-38, 1993-121);
*
Revised content categories and sub-categories for radio (Public Notice CRTC 2000-14)
CBC long range radio plan (report).
For additional information, the Commission suggests consulting the following documents:
*
Exemption order respecting a class of low-power radio programming undertakings (Public Notice CRTC 2004-92);
*
Exemption orders respecting certain classes of low-power and very-low-power programming undertakings (Public Notice CRTC 2003-35);
*
Confidential treatment of information (Circular No. 429);
*
New licence form for commercial radio stations (Public Notice CRTC 1999-137);
*
Advertising of alcoholic beverages, broadcast (Public Notices CRTC 1997-12, 1999-132);
*
Broadcasting Act;
*
Broadcasting information regulations , 1993;
*
Gender portrayal, policy (Public Notice CRTC 1992-58);
*
Broadcasting licence fee regulations, 1997;
*
Low-power radio: limited duration special event facilitating undertakings - exemption order (Public Notice CRTC 1993-45);
*
Radio networks and syndication policy (Public Notice CRTC 1989-3);
*
Religious broadcasting policy (Public Notice CRTC 1993-78);
*
Rules of procedure - CRTC (Broadcasting);
*
Services using the vertical blanking interval (television) or subsidiary communications multiplex operation (FM) - policy (Public Notice CRTC 1989-23);
*
Use of hits by English- language radio (FM) stations - revised policy (Public Notice CRTC 1997-42, Circulars Nos. 422, 422-1); and
*
Final revisions to certain exemption orders (Public Notice CRTC 2000-10).
Technical Requirements:
Technical documentation must be filed with Industry Canada upon application to the Commission in order to obtain a technical certificate. This is required under the Broadcasting Act before the issuance of a license.
You must apply to Industry Canada for a frequency and broadcast certification. Available frequencies are scarce in some major urban areas. An information package to obtain a broadcast certificate regarding the technical aspect of your application is available by writing to the following address:
Industry Canada
Director, Broadcast Applications Engineering
300 Slater Street
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0C8
http://sitt.ic.gc.ca/app/sitt/portal/LoadMainPortalPage.do?lang=eng
For more information, call Industry Canada toll-free at 1-800-328-6189 or check their Web site for offices across the country.
DISCLAIMER
Information contained in this section is of a general nature only and is not intended to constitute advice for any specific fact situation. For particular questions, the users are invited to contact their lawyer. For additional information, see contact(s) listed below.
Ontario Contact(s):
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
Suite 624
55 St. Clair Avenue East
Toronto, Ontario M4T 1M2
Telephone: 416-952-9096
Fax: 819-994-0218
Toll-free (information): 1-877-249-2782
TTY Toll-free (hearing impaired): 1-877-909-2782
TTY (hearing impaired): 819-994-0423
E-mail: info@crtc.gc.ca
Web site: http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/welcome.htm
National Contact(s):
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
Les Terrasses de la Chaudière
Central Building
1 Promenade du Portage
Gatineau, Quebec J8X 4B1
Telephone: 819-997-0313
Fax: 819-994-0218
Toll-free (information): 1-877-249-2782
TTY Toll-free (hearing impaired): 1-877-909-2782
TTY (hearing impaired): 819-994-0423
E-mail: info@crtc.gc.ca
Web site: http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/welcome.htm
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